Izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi ezichazwe kancane, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni, ziyitemu elihlangene lazo zonke izinsimbi ngaphandle kwensimbi, i-manganese, ne-chromium; Ngobubanzi, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni nazo zihlanganisa ama-alloys angeyona ayoni (ama-alloys akhiwe ngokwengeza i-elementi eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ku-matrix yensimbi engeyona i-ferrous (imvamisa engaphezu kuka-50%).

Kungani i-aluminium iyinsimbi endizayo?
I-Aluminium inokuminyana okuphansi okungu-2.7g/cm ³ kuphela, futhi kukhona ifilimu eminyene ye-Al₂O₃ ngaphezulu, evimbela i-aluminium yangaphakathi ukuthi ingasabeli futhi ayikhishwa i-oxidized kalula. Kuyinto evame ukusetshenziswa ezindizeni, futhi u-70% wezindiza zesimanje zenziwe nge-aluminium kanyeama-alloys e-aluminium, ngakho kubizwa ngokuthi insimbi endizayo.

Kungani i-aluminium i-trivalent?
Kalula nje, ukuhlelwa kwama-electron ngaphandle kwama-athomu e-aluminium ngu-2, 8, 3.
Inombolo ye-electron yangaphandle ayanele, isakhiwo asizinzile, futhi ama-electron amathathu alahleka kalula, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile abonakala e-trivalent enhle. Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi ama-electron amathathu azinzile kune-electron yangaphandle ye-sodium kanye nama-electron amabili angaphandle e-magnesium, ngakho i-aluminium ayisebenzi njenge-sodium ne-magnesium.

Kungani amaphrofayili e-aluminium ngokuvamile edinga ukwelashwa okungaphezulu?
Uma amaphrofayili e-aluminium engelashwa ngokwelashwa okungaphezulu, ukubukeka kwawo akujabulisi futhi ajwayele ukugqwala emoyeni onomswakama, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa kanye nesimo sezulu samaphrofayili e-aluminium ezintweni zokwakha. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yokuhlobisa, kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi, amaphrofayili e-aluminium ngokuvamile adinga ukwelashwa ngaphandle.

Kungani i-aluminium ibiza kakhulu kune-ayoni?
Nakuba i-aluminium inezinqolobane eziningi oqweqweni Lomhlaba kune-iron, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-aluminium iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunensimbi. I-Aluminium iyisici sensimbi esisebenza ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi ukuncibilika kudinga i-electrolysis. Izindleko zayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ziphakeme kunezensimbi, ngakho intengo ye-aluminium iphakeme kuneyensimbi.

Kungani amathini e-soda esebenzisa amathini e-aluminium?

Amathini e-aluminium anezinzuzo ezilandelayo: awaphuki kalula; Okungasindi; Ayishintshi.

I-Wang Laoji, i-Babao Congee, njll zenziwe ngamathini ensimbi aqinile, ngoba izinto zokupakisha azinayo ingcindezi, futhi amathini e-aluminium kulula ukuwohloka. Ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-soda kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka nge-deformation ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Futhi amathini e-aluminium angaqinisekisa ukucindezelwa kwe-carbon dioxide ku-soda, okuvumela i-soda ukufeza umphumela ongcono wokunambitha.

Yiziphi ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium?
I-Aluminium inezigidi zokusetshenziswa, kodwa kafushane, ngokuyinhloko inokusetshenziswa okukhulu okulandelayo:
Izinto ze-aluminiyamu zisetshenziswa kwezokundiza kanye ne-aerospace ukwenza izikhumba zezindiza, amafreyimu e-fuselage, imishayo, ama-rotor, ama-propeller, amathangi kaphethiloli, amapaneli odonga, nezinsika zegiya lokumisa, kanye nomkhumbi, izindandatho zokukha amarokhethi, amaphaneli odonga lwemikhumbi-mkhathi, njll. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu emaphaketheni eziphuzo, ukudla, izimonyo, imithi, ugwayi, imikhiqizo yezimboni, njll. Izinto zokuhamba ze-aluminium zokuthutha zingahlinzeka ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aluminium alloy materials ezimotweni. Amaphrofayili amakhulu anezimbotshana emizila ehamba ngaphansi kanye nojantshi abalula agcwalisa igebe lasekhaya futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zendlela ehamba ngaphansi komhlaba. Asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izimoto, izimoto ezihamba ngaphansi, izimoto zabagibeli besitimela, izingxenye zesakhiwo semoto yabagibeli enesivinini esiphezulu, izicabha namafasitela kanye namarack wezimpahla, izingxenye zenjini yezimoto, izifudumezi-moya, ama-radiator, amaphaneli omzimba, izindawo zamasondo, nezinto zomkhumbi. Izinto ze-aluminium ezisetshenziselwa ukupakisha ziwuphawu lwezinga lezwe lokucubungula i-aluminium, elenziwe ngawo wonke amathini e-aluminium.

I-Aluminium isetshenziswa kakhulu ngendlela yamashidi nama-foil amancane njengezinto zokupakisha zensimbi, ukwenza amathini, amakepisi, amabhodlela, imiphongolo, namafoil okupakisha. Imboni yokunyathelisa ye-aluminium ivalelise “kumthofu nomlilo” futhi yangena enkathini “yokukhanya nogesi”… Amapuleti e-PS ase-Aluminium anikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwalolu shintsho embonini yokunyathelisa. Izinto ze-Aluminium zezinto zikagesi zikagesi zisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengamabhasi, izintambo, ama-conductor, izingxenye zikagesi, amafriji, izintambo, njll. imikhiqizo efanayo engenisiwe; Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-electrolytic capacitor foil igcwalisa igebe lasekhaya. Izinto ze-aluminium nama-alloys e-aluminium zokuhlobisa izakhiwo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni amafreyimu, iminyango namafasitela, uphahla, izindawo zokuhlobisa, njll. ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, amandla anele, ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, nokusebenza kwe-welding.