Aluminiyamu (Al) ndiye chinthu chachitsulo chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuphatikizidwa ndi okosijeni ndi haidrojeni, zimapanga bauxite, yomwe ndi aluminiyamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumigodi ya ore. Kupatukana koyamba kwa aluminiyamu kloridi ku zitsulo zotayidwa mu 1829, koma kupanga malonda sikunayambe mpaka 1886. Aluminiyamu ndi siliva woyera, wolimba, chitsulo chopepuka ndi mphamvu yokoka ya 2.7. Ndi kondakitala wabwino wa magetsi ndipo kwambiri zosagwira dzimbiri. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa, wakhala chitsulo chofunika.Aluminiyamu alloyali ndi mphamvu yolumikizana ndi kuwala ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Kupanga aluminiyamu kumadya 90% ya dziko lapansi la bauxite. Zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga ma abrasives, zida zomangira, ndi mankhwala. Bauxite imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga simenti yayikulu ya aluminiyamu, ngati chosungira madzi kapena chothandizira mumakampani amafuta amafuta opaka ndodo zowotcherera ndi ma fluxes, komanso ngati njira yosinthira zitsulo ndi ferroalloys.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa aluminiyumu kumaphatikizapo zipangizo zamagetsi, magalimoto, zombo, kupanga ndege, njira zazitsulo ndi mankhwala, zomangamanga ndi mafakitale, kulongedza (zojambula za aluminiyamu, zitini), ziwiya zakukhitchini (tableware, miphika).
Makampani a aluminiyamu ayambitsa chitukuko cha ukadaulo wokonzanso zinthu zomwe zili ndi aluminiyamu ndikukhazikitsa malo ake osonkhanitsira. Chimodzi mwazolimbikitsa kwambiri pamakampaniwa nthawi zonse chakhala kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kupanga tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu yopitilira tani imodzi ya aluminiyamu yoyamba. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka 95% ya aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi kuchokera ku bauxite kuti ipulumutse mphamvu. Toni iliyonse ya aluminiyamu yobwezeretsanso imatanthauzanso kusunga matani asanu ndi awiri a bauxite. Ku Australia, 10% yazopanga aluminiyamu zimachokera ku zinthu zobwezerezedwanso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-10-2024