Isifunda siphinde sanquma ukuthola enye imali yokuxhasa izinto ezifana nokuhlelwa kwezwe, izinkundla zokudlala, amakesi okubukisa namakhethini esiteji. Lezi zingxoxo zehlise intengo yafinyelela cishe ku-$20 million.

Uma siphendukela ku-aluminium, siyajabula ukubika ukuthi indlela yokunciphisa izindleko zeyunithi iyaqhubeka ne-CoP yekota yokuqala engu-$1,764 ithani, ukwehla ngo-8% unyaka nonyaka. Sibone amarekhodi amasha emkhiqizweni wethu we-alumina othunjiwe e-Lanjigarh okhiqiza amathani angama-446,000, okukhuphuke ngo-37% unyaka nonyaka. Lokhu kusekelwe kahle kakhulu ukunikezwa okuphezulu okuvela ku-OMC, okuhlangabezana cishe nama-65% emfuneko yethu ye-bauxite ngekota. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo yethu yokuhluza iLanjigarh yabona enye yezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokukhiqiza, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, zama-dollar angu-284 ithani, okuwukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo unyaka nonyaka.

Intukuthelo iwucezu oluhlukile lolwazi oludingekayo. Iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto basebenzisa intukuthelo ebangeni le-T4, elibhekwa njengamandla aphansi, ngakho-ke lingakhiwa libe yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abanye abakhiqizi bangase basebenzise i-T6, enamandla ngamaphesenti angu-50, evumela amamaki amancane okunciphisa isisindo kodwa alondoloze amandla nokumelana nokubola. Intukuthelo izoba nesici esikhulu ekulungiseni, njengoba intukuthelo iphakama, ukukhuthala kanye nesikhathi esizothatha ukulungisa - uma kungenzeka ukulungisa.

Ngokuphambene, i-plain carbon steel inezinga lokunweba elishisayo elingu-7.8 microinches iyintshi ngayinye ngedigri F.

I-Novelis ne-Aleris bobabili bangabakhiqizi bomhlaba bemikhiqizo ye-aluminium egoqwe ngesicaba enezindawo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza e-European Economic Area (EEA), ikakhulukazi eBelgium, eJalimane, e-Italy nase-United Kingdom. Ngomsebenzi ohlongozwayo, i-Novelis izoqinisa isikhundla sayo semakethe esiqinile njengomphakeli wemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene egoqelwe phansi.

[143] Abasebenzi abaqashwe ngokugcwele embonini yesikhumba ngabasebenzi besikhathi eside, imvamisa yezinkampani ezinkulu zesikhumba, ezihlomula esivumelwaneni sokuqashwa esizinzile (nezinzuzo ezingcono uma kuqhathaniswa zasemsebenzini, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokumeleleka kwezinyunyana). Izingxoxo zeHuman Rights Watch noGroho, Dhaka, Ephreli 25, 2012; Shetu, Dhaka, May 2, 2012; Shombaar, Dhaka, May 6, 2012; Kapor, Dhaka, April 28, 2012. Umthetho Wezabasebenzi unencazelo ebanzi yesisebenzi esisebenza ngokugcwele, njengalowo “oqashwe esikhungweni ngokugcwele noma [o]siqedele ngokugculisayo isikhathi sokuvivinywa kwakhe ekusungulweni ”Labour Act (2006), isigaba 4(7).

Umbuzo wami wokuqala umayelana nokwabiwa kwezimali ezikhuphukayo, kwaba nezinkulumo mayelana nokusungula imboni kamanyolo eHindustan Zinc. Ingabe kube khona intuthuko ethile lapho? Umbuzo wokuqala lowo.

Ucwaningo ngo-2006 lwabika ukugxila okuphansi kwe-chromium emanzini angaphansi komhlaba e-Hazaribagh kunocwaningo lwango-2001.[31] Nokho, yathola ukuthi amasampula amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aseHazaribagh ayenesodium, i-magnesium, i-ammonium, i-chlorine, i-sulfate, ne-calcium eningi kanye ne-chromium, ithusi, umthofu, i-aluminium nesibabule kunezindawo eziseduze. Yaxwayisa ngokuthi “kunethuba lokungcoliswa kwamanzi angaphansi ajulile esikhathini esizayo uma kungacatshangelwa ukuvikelwa kwenhlabathi nendawo yamanzi angaphansi emfucumfucwini yesikhumba enganakiwe.”[32]

Ibhathini le-Sport livuselela i-ESP kodwa liphinde lilethe ama-gristle aphakathi nendawo, kuyilapho i-boost-gauge efakwe i-gear-shift indicator ishintsha isuka ekongeni uphethiloli iye ezilulekweni zokuhlasela. I-Push on futhi isiteringi sizwakala sihamba kancane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuhambeni kwaso kokuqala, kodwa sinikeza ulwazi olwanele ukuze uthole ukusigcina, hhayi ukuduma.

Ukulotshwa kwe-in vitro nokudluliswa kwamaseli e-Vero kuveze amagciwane ayingxube athathelwanayo e-Nd kanye ne-K23 aveza amaprotheni e-Nd kanye ne-K23 prM kanye no-E, ngokulandelana. Ukuqinisekisa i-phenotype elindelekile yamagciwane ayingxube, ukuba khona kwe-heterologous TBEV protein E ezinhlayiyeni ze-hybrid virus zinhlayiya kwahlaziywa yi-Western blotting kusetshenziswa i-polyclonal anti-TBEV Neudörfl kanye ne-anti-WNV NY99 antisera, njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambilini (19). Amagciwane e-Hybrid atholwe kumaseli athathelwanayo aye alandelaniswa ukuze abonise ukuthi akukho ukuguqulwa noma ukuguqulwa okwengeziwe okwenzeka kumagciwane asetshenziswe ekuhlolweni kokungathathi hlangothi okwalandela.

[162] Ucwaningo lwango-1996 lokusetshenzwa kwezingane okuyingozi e-Bangladesh lwabhala ngezinkinga zempilo phakathi kwabasebenzi abashukela izikhumba: Wahidur Rahman, “Hazardous Child Labor in Bangladesh,” Department of Labour, Government of Bangladesh, 1996. Ucwaningo lwango-1997 lokuqashwa kwezingane olwagunyazwa yi-UNICEF. bathola izingane ezincane eHazaribagh zisebenza ngemishini eyingozi: Bert Pelto,” Daily Lives of Working Children: Case Studies from Bangladesh,” 1997. Ucwaningo lwango-2005 lwezingane eHazaribagh tanneries lwathola ukuthi imisebenzi ejwayeleke kakhulu yezingane ezisebenzela izingane ukucwilisa izikhumba eziluhlaza futhi. ukucubungula izicabha ezithi “wet blue”: Zehadul Karim, “Child Labor Situation in Leather Tannery Industry in Dhaka District,” International Labour Organization, 2005. Inhlolovo eyisisekelo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezingane okuyingozi e-Bangladesh eyanyatheliswa ngo-2006 ilinganisela izingane ezingaba ngu-3,300 ezisebenza ezimbonini zesikhumba noma ukukhiqizwa kwezicathulo zesikhumba: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, “Baseline Survey for Determining Hazardous child Labor Sectors in Bangladesh 2005,” J uly 2006, p. 76. Bheka futhi no-Anna Ensing, “Ukuqashwa Kwezingane Okuyingozi Emkhakheni Wesikhumba wase-Dhaka, Bangladesh,” Isisekelo Socwaningo Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Ngezingane Ezisebenzayo, Januwari 2009 http://www.childlabour.net/documents/worstformsAsiaproject/Ensing_Leather_Bangladesh_2009.pdf (ifinyelelwe Septhemba 29, 2012).

[20] Umnyango Wezemvelo, “Ucwaningo Nokudwetshwa Kwemephu Yokungcoliswa Kwemvelo Okuvela Ezimbonini E-Greater Dhaka kanye Nokulungiselelwa Kwamasu Okunciphisa,” September 2008, p. 62. Kopisha efayelini le-Human Rights Watch.