Isinyithi esichazwa ngokumxinwa esingeyiyo intsimbi, ekwaziwa ngokuba ziintsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous, ligama elidityanisiweyo lazo zonke iintsimbi ngaphandle kwentsimbi, imanganese, kunye nechromium; Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, iintsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous zikwabandakanya iialloyi ezingenayo i-ferrous (iialloyi ezenziwe ngokudibanisa enye okanye ezinye izinto ezininzi kwi-metric yentsimbi engeyiyo i-ferrous (idla ngokuba ngaphezu kwe-50%).

Kutheni i-aluminiyam isinyithi esiphaphazelayo?
I-Aluminiyam inoxinano oluphantsi lwe-2.7g/cm ³ kuphela, kwaye kukho ifilimu eshinyeneyo ye-Al₂O₃ kumphezulu, ethintela i-aluminiyam yangaphakathi ekubeni isabele kwaye ayixutywanga lula. Sisixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinqwelomoya, kwaye i-70% yeenqwelomoya zanamhlanje zenziwe nge-aluminiyam kwayeialloys aluminiyam, ngoko ibizwa ngokuba yi-flying metal.

Kutheni i-aluminiyam i-trivalent?
Ukubeka ngokulula, ilungiselelo leelektroni ngaphandle kweathom yealuminiyam ngu-2, 8, 3.
Inombolo engaphandle ye-electron ayonelanga, isakhiwo asizinzanga, kwaye ii-electron ezintathu zilahleka ngokulula, ngoko zihlala zibonakala zihle kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kucacile ukuba ii-electron ezintathu zizinzile ngaphezu kwe-electron yangaphandle ye-sodium kunye nee-electron ezimbini zangaphandle ze-magnesium, ngoko ke i-aluminiyam ayisebenzi njengesodium kunye ne-magnesium.

Kutheni iiprofayili ze-aluminiyam zifuna ngokubanzi unyango olungaphezulu?
Ukuba iiprofayili ze-aluminiyam aziphathwanga ngonyango lomphezulu, inkangeleko yazo ayithandeki kwaye ithanda ukubola emoyeni omanzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zokuhombisa kunye nemozulu yeeprofayili ze-aluminium kwizinto zokwakha. Ukuze kuphuculwe iziphumo zokuhombisa, ukomeleza ukunganyangeki komhlwa, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo, iiprofayili ze-aluminiyam ngokubanzi zifuna ukunyangwa ngaphezulu.

Kutheni i-aluminiyam ibiza kakhulu kunentsimbi?
Nangona i-aluminiyam inoovimba abaninzi kuqweqwe loMhlaba kunentsimbi, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-aluminiyam inzima kakhulu kunentsimbi. Ialuminiyam yinto esebenzayo ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ukunyibilikiswa kufuna i-electrolysis. Iindleko zenkqubo yokuvelisa yonke iphezulu kuneyentsimbi, ngoko ke ixabiso le-aluminium liphezulu kunelo yentsimbi.

Kutheni iitoti zesoda zisebenzisa iitoti ze-aluminiyam?

Iitoti zeAluminiyam zineenzuzo ezilandelayo: aziqhekeki ngokulula; Khaphukhaphu; Ayiguquki.

I-Wang Laoji, i-Babao Congee, njl. zenziwe ngamatye esinyithi enzima, kuba izinto zokupakisha azikho uxinzelelo, kwaye iitoti ze-aluminium zilula ukuguqula. Uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-soda luphezulu kunesiqhelo, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka malunga ne-deformation phantsi koxinzelelo. Kwaye iitoti ze-aluminium zinokuqinisekisa ukunyanzeliswa kwe-carbon dioxide kwi-soda, ukuvumela i-soda ukuba ifezekise umphumo ongcono wokunambitha.

Ziziphi iindlela zokusetyenziswa kwe-aluminiyam?
I-Aluminiyam inezigidi zokusetyenziswa, kodwa isishwankathelo, ikakhulu inokusebenzisa oku kulandelayo:
Izixhobo ze-aluminiyam zisetyenziselwa ukubhabha kunye ne-aerospace ukwenza izikhumba zeenqwelo-moya, iifreyimu ze-fuselage, imiqadi, i-rotors, i-propellers, iitanki zamafutha, iipaneli zodonga, kunye neentsika zezixhobo zokumisa, kunye nenqanawa, imisesane yokubumba i-rocket, iipaneli zodonga lwe-spacecraft, njl. ekupakishweni kweziselo, ukutya, izithambiso, amayeza, ugwayi, iimveliso zoshishino, njl. Izinto ze-aluminium zokuthutha zinokubonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ze-aluminium alloy kwiimoto. Iiprofayili ezinkulu ezinabileyo zeendlela ezihamba phantsi komhlaba kunye noololiwe abalula bavala isithuba sasekhaya kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zendlela engaphantsi komhlaba. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iimoto, izithuthi zikaloliwe ezingaphantsi komhlaba, iimoto zabakhweli bakaloliwe, iimoto zomkhweli ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, iingcango kunye neefestile kunye neendawo zokubeka imithwalo, iinxalenye zenjini yemoto, izixhobo zomoya, iiradiyetha, iipaneli zomzimba, iihabhu zamavili, kunye nezixhobo zeenqanawa. Isixhobo se-aluminiyam esisetyenziselwa ukupakisha luphawu lwenqanaba lelizwe lokulungisa i-aluminium, elenziwe kuzo zonke iinkonkxa ze-aluminiyam.

I-aluminiyam isetyenziswa kakhulu ngendlela yamaphepha amancinci kunye neefoyile njengezinto zokupakisha zetsimbi, ukwenza iitoti, iikepusi, iibhotile, imiphanda, kunye neefoyile zokupakisha. Ishishini loshicilelo lwe-aluminiyam lithe ndlela-ntle “kwinkokeli nomlilo” kwaye lingene kwixesha “lokukhanya nombane”… Iipleyiti ze-Aluminiyam esekwe kwi-PS zibonelele ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo kolu tshintsho kushishino lokushicilela. Izinto ze-aluminiyam kwizixhobo zombane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neebhasi, iintambo, ii-conductor, amacandelo ombane, iifriji, iintambo, njl njl. iimveliso ezifanayo ezithengiswa kumazwe angaphandle; Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-electrolytic capacitor foil igcwalisa umsantsa wasekhaya. Izinto ze-aluminiyam kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminium yokuhlobisa izakhiwo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo zokwakha, iingcango kunye neefestile, iisilingi, iindawo zokuhombisa, njl. ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa ukugqwesa, amandla okwaneleyo, ukusebenza kwenkqubo egqwesileyo, kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding.