Degmadu waxay sidoo kale go'aansatay inay hesho maalgelin kale oo loogu talagalay waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin qurxinta dhulka, garoommada ciyaaraha, kiisaska bandhigga iyo daahyada masraxa. Wada xaajoodyadan ayaa qiimihiisu hoos u dhigay ilaa $20 milyan.

Hadda oo aan u leexanno aluminium, waxaan ku faraxsanahay inaan soo sheegno in habka dhimista qiimaha cutubku uu ku sii socdo rubuci hore ee CoP $1,764 tonne, hoos u dhac 8% sannad kasta ah. Waxaan ku aragnay diiwaanno cusub wax soo saarka alumina ee la haysto ee Lanjigarh oo leh wax soo saarkii ugu sarreeyay abid ee 446,000 tan, ilaa 37% sannad kasta. Tan waxaa si aad ah u taageeray sahayda sare ee OMC, taasoo buuxinaysa ku dhawaad ​​65% shuruudaha bauxite ee rubucii. Sidaa darteed, warshadeena sifaynta Lanjigarh waxay aragtay mid ka mid ah qiimaha ugu hooseeya ee wax soo saarka, sidaan hore u sheegay, oo ah $284 tan, taas oo ah horumar la taaban karo sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.

Xanaaqadu waa macluumaad ka duwan sidoo kale loo baahan yahay. Inta badan kuwa soo saara baabuurta waxay isticmaalaan xanaaq ku jira kala duwanaanta T4, taas oo loo arko inay yar tahay, sidaas darteed waxaa loo samayn karaa qaabab adag. Soosaarayaasha kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay isticmaalaan T6, taas oo ah 50 boqolkiiba ka xoog badan, taas oo u oggolaanaysa darajooyin khafiif ah si loo yareeyo miisaanka laakiin ilaalinta xoogga iyo caabbinta ilkaha. Xanaaqadu waxay yeelan doontaa qayb weyn oo hagaajin ah, maadaama xanaaqa sareeyo, dadaal badan iyo waqti ayay qaadan doontaa hagaajinta - haddii ay suurtagal tahay in la hagaajiyo.

Taas bedelkeeda, birta kaarboonka ee cad waxay leedahay heerka fidinta kulaylka ee 7.8 microinches per inch per degree F

Novelis iyo Aleris labaduba waa soosaarayaal caalami ah oo aluminium ah oo duuban oo leh qalab wax soo saar oo muhiim ah oo ku yaal Aagga Dhaqaalaha Yurub (EEA), gaar ahaan Belgium, Jarmalka, Talyaaniga iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska. Iyada oo la soo jeediyay wax kala iibsiga, Novelis waxay xoojin doontaa booskeeda suuqa ee xooggan sida alaab-qeybiyaha alaabada duuban ee kala duwan.

[143] Shaqaalaha joogtada ah ee ka shaqeeya hargaha waa shaqaale muddo dheer ah, sida caadiga ah warshado waaweyn oo hargaha, kuwaas oo ka faa'iideysanaya heshiis shaqo oo deggan (oo leh faa'iidooyin goobta shaqada oo aad u fiican, badanaa sababtoo ah matalaadda ururada shaqaalaha). Waraysiyo Human Rights Watch la yeelatay Groho, Dhaka, Abriil 25, 2012; Shetu, Dhaka, May 2, 2012; Shombar, Dhaka, May 6, 2012; Kapor, Dhaka, Abriil 28, 2012. Xeerka Shaqaaluhu wuxuu leeyahay qeexid ballaadhan oo ah shaqaale joogto ah, sida mid "ka shaqeeya xarun si joogto ah ama [mid] si ku qanacsan u dhammaystiray muddada tijaabada ee aasaaska "Xeerka Shaqada (2006), qaybta 4(7).

Su'aashayda ugu horreysa waxay ku saabsan tahay qoondaynta raasumaalka korodhka, waxaa jiray wadahadalo ku saabsan samaynta warshad bacriminta Hindustan Zinc. Ma jiraan xoogaa horumar ah oo halkaas laga sameeyay? Taasi waa su'aasha ugu horeysa.

Daraasad la sameeyay 2006 ayaa sheegtay in xaddi yar oo chromium ah oo ku jira biyaha dhulka hoose ee Hazaribagh uu ka yar yahay daraasaddii 2001.[31] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ogaatay in muunadaha biyaha dhulka hoostiisa ee Hazaribagh ay ka sarreeyaan sodium, magnesium, ammonium, chlorine, sulfate, iyo calcium iyo sidoo kale chromium, copper, lead, aluminium, iyo baaruud marka loo eego meelaha ku xiga. Waxay ka digtay in "ay jirto suurtogalnimada wasakheynta biyaha hoose ee qoto dheer mustaqbalka haddii ilaalinta ciidda iyo deegaanka biyaha hoose ee qashinka hargaha ee aan la daweynin aan la tixgelin."[32]

Badhanka ciyaaraha waxa uu kor u qaadaa ESP-ga laakiin waxa kale oo uu keenaa gristle dhexdhexaad ah oo ka badan, halka tusaha-kor u qaadaya ee ku rakiban qalabka-shift-ga uu ka beddelayo kaydinta shidaalka una beddelo talada weerarka. Riix oo isteerinka ayaa dareemaya gaabis, gaar ahaan dhaqdhaqaaqyadeeda hore, laakiin wuxuu bixiyaa macluumaad ku filan oo lagu kasbado haynta, ma aha xiddignimo.

In vitro-ku-gudbinta iyo gudbinta unugyada Vero waxay keeneen Nd iyo K23 fayrasyada isku-dhafka ah ee faafa ee muujinaya Nd iyo K23 prM iyo borotiinnada E, siday u kala horreeyaan. Si loo xaqiijiyo phenotype-ka la filayo ee fayrasyada isku-dhafka ah, joogitaanka borotiinka TBEV ee heterologous E ee qaybaha fayraska isku-dhafka ah ayaa lagu falanqeeyay xannibaadda Galbeedka iyadoo la adeegsanayo polyclonal anti-TBEV Neudörfl iyo anti-WNV NY99 antisera, sida hore loogu sharraxay (19). Fayrasyada isku-dhafka ah ee laga soo kabsaday unugyo la kala gudbiyay ayaa la isku xig-xigay si loo muujiyo inaan wax-ka-beddelid ama isbeddello dheeraad ah ku dhicin fayrasyada loo adeegsaday tijaabooyinka dhexdhexaadinta ee xiga.

[162] Sahan 1996 lagu sameeyay shaqada halista ah ee carruurta ee Bangladesh ayaa diiwaangelisay dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee ka dhex jira shaqaalaha hargaha ee carruurta: Wahidur Rahman, "Hazardous Child Work in Bangladesh," Waaxda Shaqada, Dowladda Bangladesh, 1996. Sahan 1997 ah oo ku saabsan shaqada carruurta oo ay bixisay UNICEF laga helay caruur yar yar Hazaribagh oo ku shaqeeya mashiinada khatarta ah: Bert Pelto, "Nolosha Maalinlaha ah ee Carruurta Shaqeeya: Daraasadaha Kiis ee Bangladesh," 1997. Sahan lagu sameeyay 2005 carruurta ku jira warshadaha hargaha ee Hazaribagh ayaa lagu ogaaday in hawlaha ugu badan ee carruurta shaqaalaha ah ay qooyaan maqaarka ceeriin iyo Habaynta "buluug qoyan" waxay qarinaysaa: Zehadul Karim, "Xaaladda Shaqada Carruurta ee Wershadaha Hargaha Hargaha ee Degmada Dhaka," Ururka Shaqaalaha Caalamiga ah, 2005. Sahan aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan shaqada halista ah ee carruurta ee Bangladesh oo la daabacay 2006 ayaa lagu qiyaasay ilaa 3,300 carruur ah oo ka shaqeeya warshadaha hargaha ama samaynta kabaha maqaarka: Xafiiska Tirakoobka Bangladesh, "Sahanka aasaasiga ah ee Go'aaminta Waaxyaha Shaqada ee Carruurta Khatarta leh ee Bangladesh 2005," J uly 2006, p. 76. Sidoo kale eeg Anna Ensing, "Shaqo Ilmo Halis ah oo ku taal Waaxda Haragga ee Dhaka, Bangladesh," Foundation for International Research on Working Children, Janaayo 2009 http://www.childlabour.net/documents/worstformsAsiaproject/Ensing_Leather_Bangladesh_2009.pdf September 29, 2012).

[20] Waaxda Deegaanka, "Sahaminta iyo Khariidaynta Wasakhowga Deegaanka ee Warshadaha Dhaka Weyn iyo Diyaarinta Xeeladaha Yaraynta," Sebtembar 2008, p. 62. Nuqul ku jira faylka Human Rights Watch.