Bauxite

Bauxite ore ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pasi rose yealuminium. Ore yacho inofanira kutanga yagadziriswa kemikari kuti ibudise alumina (aluminium oxide). Alumina inobva yanyungudutswa uchishandisa electrolysis muitiro kugadzira yakachena aruminiyamu simbi. Bauxite inowanzowanikwa muvhu repamusoro riri munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Chicherwa chacho chinowanikwa kuburikidza nekuita basa rekuchera migodhi yezvakatipoteredza. Bauxite reserves yakawanda kwazvo muAfrica, Oceania neSouth America. Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzichagara kwemazana emakore.

Take-Away Facts

• Aluminium inofanira kucheneswa kubva kune ore
  Kunyange zvazvo aruminiyamu iri iyo simbi inowanikwa zvikuru paNyika (inokwana 8 muzana yepasi rose), simbi inopindirana nezvimwe zvinhu kuti zviitike. Bauxite ore, yakanatswa kuburikidza nemaitiro maviri, ndiyo yekutanga sosi yealuminium.
• Kuchengetedza ivhu ndicho chinhu chikuru chinotariswa neindasitiri
  Avhareji ye80 muzana yenyika inocherwa bauxite inodzorerwa kunharaunda yayo. Ivhu repamusoro kubva panzvimbo yemigodhi rinochengetwa kuitira kuti rigone kutsiviwa panguva yekugadzirisa.
• Nzvimbo dzakachengetwa dzichagara kwemazana emakore
  Kunyangwe kudiwa kwealuminium kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza, bauxite reserves, pari zvino inofungidzirwa pa40 kusvika 75 bhiriyoni metric toni, inofungidzirwa kugara kwemazana emakore. Guinea neAustralia dzine nzvimbo mbiri dzakakura dzakaratidzwa.
• Pfuma ye bauxite reserves
  Vietnam inogona kubata hupfumi hwebauxite. Muna Mbudzi 2010, mutungamiriri weVietnam akazivisa kuti nyika inochengeterwa bauxite inogona kusvika mabhiriyoni gumi nerimwe ematani.

Bauxite 101

Bauxite ore ndiyo inonyanya kuwanika pasi rose yealuminium

Bauxite idombo rakaumbwa kubva muvhu dzvuku rinonzi laterite ivhu uye rinonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzinopisa. Bauxite inonyanya kuumbwa nealuminium oxide compounds (alumina), silica, iron oxides uye titanium dioxide. Inenge 70 muzana yekugadzirwa kwebauxite yenyika inonatswa kuburikidza neBayer chemical process kuita alumina. Alumina inozokwenenzverwa kuita yakachena aruminiyamu simbi kuburikidza neHall-Héroult electrolytic process.

Kuchera bauxite

Bauxite inowanzowanikwa pedyo nepamusoro penzvimbo uye inogona kucherwa-migodhi yehupfumi. Indasitiri yakatora basa reutungamiri mukuedza kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana ivhu rakacheneswa kusati kwaitwa migodhi, ivhu repamusoro rinochengeterwa kuitira kuti rigone kutsiviwa panguva yekuvandudzwa. Munguva yekuchera migodhi, bauxite inodimburwa yoburitswa mumugodhi ichiendeswa kunzvimbo inocheneswa nealuminium. Kana kucherwa kwapera, ivhu repamusoro rinotsiviwa uye nzvimbo yacho inogadziridzwa. Apo dombo racho rinocherwa munzvimbo dzine masango, avhareji ye80 muzana yenyika inodzorerwa kunharaunda yayo.

Kugadzira uye kuchengetedza

Zvinopfuura 160 miriyoni metric toni yebauxite inocherwa gore rega rega. Vatungamiri mukugadzira bauxite vanosanganisira Australia, China, Brazil, India neGuinea. Bauxite reserves inofungidzirwa kuva 55 kusvika 75 bhiriyoni metric toni, yakapararira muAfrica (32 muzana), Oceania (23 muzana), South America neCaribbean (21 muzana) uye Asia (18 muzana).

Tinotarisira: Kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa mukuedza kudzoreredza kwezvakatipoteredza

Zvinangwa zvekudzorera kwezvakatipoteredza zvinoramba zvichifambira mberi. Chirongwa chekudzorera kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu chiri kuitika muWestern Australia chinopa muenzaniso unotungamirira. Chinangwa: kudzoreredza mwero wakaenzana wemhando dzezvirimwa zvakapfuma munzvimbo dzakagadziridzwa dzakaenzana nesango risina kucherwa reJarrah. (Sango reJarrah isango refu rakavhurika. Eucalyptus marginata ndiwo muti unotonga.)

Les Baux, Imba yeBauxite

Bauxite yakatumidzwa zita remusha weLes Baux naPierre Berthe. MuFrench uyu geologist akawana simbi munzvimbo dziri pedyo. Ndiye akatanga kuona kuti bauxite yaiva nealuminium.