Aluminium ingaite sei kwauri?
Chii chinonzi Aluminium Alloy?
Aluminium alloy ikemikari inoumbwa apo zvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzerwa kune yakachena aluminium kuitira kuti iwedzere zvimiro zvayo, kunyanya kuwedzera simba rayo. Izvi zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira simbi, silicon, mhangura, magnesium, manganese uye zinc pamatanho akasanganiswa anogona kuita yakawanda se15 muzana yealloy nehuremu. Alloys anopihwa nhamba ine manhamba, iyo yekutanga digit inoratidza kirasi yeruzhinji, kana nhevedzano, inoratidzirwa neiyo huru alloying zvinhu.
Aluminium yakachena
1xxx Series
Iwo 1xxx akatevedzana alloys anoumbwa nealuminium 99 muzana kana kuchena kwepamusoro. Iyi nhevedzano ine yakanakisa corrosion resistance, yakanakisa workability, pamwe nekukwirira kupisa uye magetsi conductivity. Ndosaka iyo 1xxx yakatevedzana ichiwanzo shandiswa kutapurirana, kana gidhi remagetsi, mitsetse. Mazita akajairika alloy mune ino nhevedzano 1350, yemagetsi maapplication, uye 1100, ematireyi ekurongedza chikafu.
Heat-Inorapwa Alloys
Mamwe ma alloys anosimbiswa nemhinduro yekupisa kupisa uyezve kudzima, kana kutonhora nekukurumidza. Kupisa kupisa kunotora simbi yakasimba, yakasanganiswa uye kuipisa kune imwe nzvimbo. Iyo alloy element, inonzi solute, yakagovaniswa homogeneous nealuminium ichiisa mune yakasimba mhinduro. Simbi inozodzimwa, kana kuti inokurumidza kutonhodzwa, iyo inoomesa maatomu ane solute panzvimbo. Maatomu esolute anobva asangana kuita mvura yakagovaniswa zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoitika pakamuri tembiricha inodaidzwa kuti kuchembera kwechisikigo kana mune yakaderera tembiricha yechoto oparesheni inodaidzwa kuti artificial kuchembera.
2xxx Series
Mune 2xxx akatevedzana, mhangura inoshandiswa semusimboti alloying element uye inogona kusimbiswa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemhinduro kupisa-kurapa. Aya ma alloys ane musanganiswa wakanaka wesimba repamusoro uye kuoma, asi haana mazinga emuchadenga corrosion resistance semamwe akawanda aruminiyamu alloys. Naizvozvo, maalloys aya anowanzo kupendwa kana kupfekedzwa kuratidzwa kwakadaro. Iwo anowanzo kupfekedzwa nepamusoro-kuchena alloy kana 6xxx akatevedzana alloy kuti arambe corrosion. Alloy 2024 pamwe ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndege alloy.
6xxx Series
Iwo 6xxx akatevedzana anochinja-chinja, kupisa kunorapika, kuumbika zvakanyanya, kunogoneka uye ane simba rakati tsvikiti rakabatana nekunaka kwekuora. Alloys mune ino akatevedzana ane silicon uye magnesium kuitira kuumba magnesium silicide mukati meiyo alloy. Extrusion zvigadzirwa kubva ku6xxx nhevedzano ndiyo yekutanga sarudzo yekuvaka uye zvimiro zvekushandisa. Alloy 6061 ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa alloy mune ino nhevedzano uye inowanzoshandiswa mumarori uye marine mafuremu. Pamusoro pezvo, imwe kesi yefoni yakagadzirwa kubva ku6xxx akateedzana alloy.
7xxx Series
Zinc ndiyo yekutanga alloying mumiriri weiyi nhevedzano, uye kana magnesium yawedzerwa muhuwandu hudiki, mhedzisiro ndeye kupisa-kupisa, yakanyanya simba alloy. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita semhangura uye chromium zvinogona zvakare kuwedzerwa muhushoma. Iyo alloys inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye 7050 uye 7075, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yendege.
Asina Kupisa-Kurapwa Alloys
Non heat-treated alloys inosimbiswa kuburikidza nechando-kushanda. Kutonhora kushanda kunoitika panguva yekukungurutsa kana kuforoma nzira uye chiito che "kushanda" simbi kuti iite yakasimba. Semuyenzaniso, pakukungurutsa aluminium pasi kusvika kune matete geji, inosimba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kutonhora kushanda kunovaka dislocation uye vacancies muchimiro, izvo zvinotadzisa kufamba kwemaatomu kune imwe neimwe. Izvi zvinowedzera simba resimbi. Alloying zvinhu senge magnesium inowedzera mhedzisiro iyi, zvichikonzera kunyange yakakwira simba.
3xxx Series
Manganese ndiyo yakakura alloying chinhu mune ino nhevedzano, kazhinji ine madiki maginesiamu yakawedzerwa. Nekudaro, chikamu chidiki chete che manganese chinogona kuwedzerwa zvinobudirira kualuminium. 3003 ialloy yakakurumbira yechinangwa chakajairika nekuti ine simba riri pakati nepakati uye inoshanda zvakanaka uye inogona kushandiswa mumashandisirwo akadai seanopisa kupisa uye midziyo yekubikira. Alloy 3004 uye kugadziridzwa kwayo kunoshandiswa mumitumbi yealuminium chinwiwa makeni.
4xxx Series
4xxx akateedzana alloys akasanganiswa nesilicon, iyo inogona kuwedzerwa muhuwandu hwakakwana kudzikisa nzvimbo yekunyungudika yealuminium, pasina kuburitsa brittleness. Nekuda kweizvi, iyo 4xxx yakatevedzana inogadzira yakanakisa welding waya uye brazing alloys uko yakaderera kunyungudika kunodiwa. Alloy 4043 ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa mafirita alloys ekushivirira 6xxx akateedzana alloys ezvimiro uye zvemotokari application.
5xx Series
Magnesium ndiyo yekutanga alloying mumiriri mu5xxx akatevedzana uye ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushanda uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya alloying zvinhu zvealuminium. Alloys mune ino nhevedzano ane zvine mwero kusvika kune yakakwirira simba hunhu, pamwe nekugoneka kwakanaka uye kurambana nekuora munzvimbo yegungwa. Nekuda kweizvi, aluminium-magnesium alloys anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka nekuvaka, matangi ekuchengetedza, midziyo yekumanikidza uye marine application. Mienzaniso yezvakajairwa alloy applications inosanganisira: 5052 mune zvemagetsi, 5083 mune marine application, anodized 5005 mashiti ekugadzira zvikumbiro uye 5182 inoita iyo aluminium chinwiwa chinogona kuvhara.
