Bauxite

Ubutare bwa Bauxite nisoko yambere yisi ya aluminium. Amabuye agomba kubanza gutunganyirizwa imiti kugirango itange alumina (oxyde ya aluminium). Alumina noneho irashonga ikoresheje inzira ya electrolysis kugirango ikore ibyuma bya aluminiyumu. Ubusanzwe Bauxite iboneka mubutaka buri mu turere dushyuha kandi dushyuha. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye buboneka binyuze mu bidukikije bishinzwe gucukura amabuye y'agaciro. Ububiko bwa Bauxite ni bwinshi muri Afurika, Oseyaniya no muri Amerika y'Epfo. Biteganijwe ko ibigega bizamara ibinyejana byinshi.

Kuraho Amakuru

• Aluminium igomba gutunganywa mu bucukuzi
  Nubwo aluminium nicyuma gikunze kuboneka kwisi (yose hamwe 8 ku ijana yubutaka bwumubumbe), icyuma ntigikora cyane hamwe nibindi bintu bibaho muburyo busanzwe. Amabuye ya Bauxite, yatunganijwe binyuze muburyo bubiri, nisoko yambere ya aluminium.
• Kubungabunga ubutaka nibyingenzi byibanze mu nganda
  Ugereranije, 80 ku ijana by'ubutaka bwacukuwe kuri bauxite busubizwa mu bidukikije kavukire. Ubutaka buva ahacukurwa burabikwa kuburyo bushobora gusimburwa mugihe cyo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.
• Ibigega bizamara ibinyejana byinshi
  Nubwo icyifuzo cya aluminiyumu kigenda cyiyongera vuba, ububiko bwa bauxite, kuri ubu bugera kuri toni miliyari 40 kugeza kuri 75, biteganijwe ko buzamara ibinyejana byinshi. Gineya na Ositaraliya bifite ibigega bibiri binini byagaragaye.
• Ubutunzi bwa bauxite
  Vietnam irashobora gufata ubutunzi bwa bauxite. Mu Gushyingo 2010, minisitiri w’intebe wa Vietnam yatangaje ko ububiko bwa bauxite bw’igihugu bushobora kugera kuri toni miliyari 11.

Bauxite 101

Ubutare bwa Bauxite nisoko nkuru yisi ya aluminium

Bauxite ni urutare rukozwe mu ibumba ritukura ryitwa ubutaka bwa latite kandi rikunze kuboneka mu turere dushyuha cyangwa mu turere dushyuha. Bauxite igizwe ahanini na aluminium oxyde (alumina), silika, okiside ya fer na dioxyde ya titanium. Hafi 70 ku ijana by'umusaruro wa bauxite ku isi utunganijwe binyuze mu miti ya Bayer muri alumina. Alumina noneho itunganijwe mubyuma bya aluminiyumu binyuze muri Hall - Héroult electrolytike.

Mining bauxite

Ubusanzwe Bauxite iboneka hafi yubutaka kandi irashobora gucukurwa mubukungu. Inganda zagize uruhare mu buyobozi mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Iyo ubutaka bwakuweho mbere yubucukuzi, ubutaka bwo hejuru burabikwa kuburyo bushobora gusimburwa mugihe cyo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Mugihe cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, bauxite iracika hanyuma ikurwa mu kirombe ikajya mu ruganda rwa alumina. Ubucukuzi bumaze kurangira, ubutaka bwo hejuru burasimburwa kandi agace gakorerwa inzira yo gusana. Iyo ubutare bwacukuwe mu mashyamba, ikigereranyo cya 80 ku ijana by'ubutaka gisubizwa mu bidukikije kavukire.

Umusaruro n'ububiko

Buri mwaka hacukurwa toni zirenga miliyoni 160 za metero ya bauxite. Abayobozi mu musaruro wa bauxite barimo Ositaraliya, Ubushinwa, Burezili, Ubuhinde na Gineya. Ububiko bwa Bauxite bugera kuri toni metero 55 kugeza kuri 75, zikwirakwizwa cyane muri Afurika (32 ku ijana), Oseyaniya (23 ku ijana), Amerika y'Epfo na Karayibe (21 ku ijana) na Aziya (18 ku ijana).

Dutegereje imbere: Gukomeza kunoza ibikorwa byo gusana ibidukikije

Intego zo gusana ibidukikije zikomeje gutera imbere. Umushinga wo kubungabunga urusobe rwibinyabuzima urimo gukorwa mu burengerazuba bwa Ositaraliya utanga urugero rwiza. Intego: kugarura urwego ruhwanye nubwoko bwibimera bikungahaye mu turere twavuguruwe bingana n’ishyamba rya Jarrah ridacukuwe. (Ishyamba rya Jarrah ni ishyamba rirerire rifunguye. Eucalyptus marginata nigiti cyiganje.)

Les Baux, Urugo rwa Bauxite

Bauxite yitiriwe umudugudu wa Les Baux na Pierre Berthe. Uyu muhanga mu bya geologiya w’Abafaransa yasanze ubutare mu bubiko hafi. Niwe wambere wavumbuye ko bauxite irimo aluminium.