Bauxite

Bauxite ore ndiye gwero lalikulu la aluminiyamu padziko lapansi. Mwala uyenera kusinthidwa ndi mankhwala kuti upange aluminiyamu (aluminium oxide). Alumina ndiye amasungunuka pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya electrolysis kuti apange zitsulo zoyera za aluminiyamu. Bauxite imapezeka mu dothi lapamwamba lomwe lili m'madera osiyanasiyana otentha komanso otentha. Miyalayo imapezedwa pochita ntchito zosamalira zachilengedwe. Malo osungiramo Bauxite amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa, Oceania ndi South America. Zosungirako zikuyembekezeka kukhalapo kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Chotsani-Zowona

• Aluminiyamu iyenera kuyengedwa kuchokera ku miyala
  Ngakhale kuti aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chofala kwambiri padziko lapansi (chokwana 8 peresenti ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi), chitsulocho chimakhala chotakasuka kwambiri ndi zinthu zina kuti zichitike mwachibadwa. Bauxite ore, woyengedwa ndi njira ziwiri, ndiye gwero lalikulu la aluminiyumu.
• Kusamalira nthaka ndiye gawo lalikulu lazachuma
  Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya nthaka imene amakumbidwa kuti apange bouxite imabwezeretsedwa ku chilengedwe chake. Dothi lapamwamba lochokera ku migodi limasungidwa kuti lithe kusinthidwa panthawi yokonzanso.
• Zosungirako zidzakhala zaka mazana ambiri
  Ngakhale kuti kufunikira kwa aluminiyamu kukuchulukirachulukira, malo osungira a bauxite, omwe pakali pano akuyerekeza 40 mpaka 75 biliyoni metric tons, akuyembekezeka kukhala zaka mazana ambiri. Guinea ndi Australia ali ndi malo awiri akuluakulu otsimikiziridwa.
• Kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe za bauxite
  Vietnam ikhoza kukhala ndi chuma cha bauxite. Mu Novembala 2010, nduna yayikulu yaku Vietnam idalengeza kuti malo osungiramo madzi a dzikolo atha kufika matani 11 biliyoni.

Mtengo wa 101

Mwala wa Bauxite ndiye gwero lalikulu la aluminiyamu padziko lapansi

Bauxite ndi thanthwe lopangidwa kuchokera ku dongo lofiira lotchedwa laterite nthaka ndipo limapezeka kwambiri kumadera otentha kapena madera otentha. Bauxite imapangidwa makamaka ndi aluminium oxide compounds (alumina), silica, iron oxides ndi titaniyamu woipa. Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya kupanga bauxite padziko lonse lapansi imayengedwa kudzera mu njira ya mankhwala a Bayer kukhala aluminiyamu. Alumina ndiye amayengedwa kukhala chitsulo choyera cha aluminiyamu kudzera mu njira ya Hall-Héroult electrolytic.

Migodi ya bauxite

Bauxite nthawi zambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi mtunda ndipo imatha kudulidwa mwachuma. Makampaniwa atenga udindo wotsogolera ntchito zoteteza chilengedwe. Pamene nthaka imachotsedwa ku migodi isanayambe, dothi lapamwamba limasungidwa kotero kuti likhoza kusinthidwa panthawi yokonzanso. Panthawi yokumba migodi, bauxite imathyoledwa ndikuchotsedwa mumgodi kupita kumalo oyeretsera aluminiyamu. Migodi ikatha, dothi lapamwamba limasinthidwa ndipo malowo amakonzedwanso. Miyalayo ikakumbidwa m’nkhalango, pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya nthaka imabwezeretsedwa ku chilengedwe chake.

Zopanga ndi zosungira

Oposa matani 160 miliyoni a bauxite amakumbidwa chaka chilichonse. Otsogolera pakupanga bauxite ndi Australia, China, Brazil, India ndi Guinea. Malo osungira a Bauxite akuti ndi matani 55 mpaka 75 biliyoni, makamaka ku Africa (32 peresenti), Oceania (23 peresenti), South America ndi Caribbean (21 peresenti) ndi Asia (18 peresenti).

Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo: Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zokonzanso chilengedwe

Zolinga zobwezeretsa zachilengedwe zikupitilirabe patsogolo. Ntchito yokonzanso zinthu zamoyo zosiyanasiyana yomwe ikuchitika ku Western Australia ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri. Cholinga: kukhazikitsanso mlingo wofanana wa kulemera kwa mitundu ya zomera m’madera okonzedwanso mofanana ndi nkhalango ya Jarrah yosakumbidwa. (Nkhalango ya Jarrah ndi nkhalango yayitali yotseguka. Eucalyptus marginata ndi mtengo waukulu kwambiri.)

Les Baux, Nyumba ya Bauxite

Bauxite adatchedwa mudzi wa Les Baux ndi Pierre Berthe. Katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka wa ku France ameneyu anapeza miyalayo m’madipoziti apafupi. Iye anali woyamba kupeza kuti bauxite inali ndi aluminiyamu.