Bauxite

ʻO Bauxite ore ka kumu kumu mua o ka alumini. Pono e hana mua ʻia ka ʻaila e hana i ka alumina (aluminum oxide). A laila hoʻoheʻe ʻia ka alumina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina electrolysis e hana i ka metala alumini maʻemaʻe. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka Bauxite ma ka lepo lepo i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻāina a me nā subtropical. Loaʻa ʻia ka ʻai ma o nā hana ʻeli ʻana i ke kaiapuni. He nui loa nā waihona Bauxite ma ʻApelika, Oceania a me ʻAmelika Hema. Kuhi ʻia ka mālama ʻana no nā kenekulia.

ʻO nā ʻoiaʻiʻo e lawe ʻia

• Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka alumini mai ka ʻeleʻele
  ʻOiai ʻo ka alumini ka metala maʻamau i loaʻa ma ka Honua (ʻo ka huina o 8 pakeneka o ka ʻōpala o ka honua), ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka metala me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki mai ke ʻano kūlohelohe. ʻO Bauxite ore, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana ʻelua, ʻo ia ke kumu kumu o ka alumini.
• ʻO ka mālama ʻāina kahi mea nui i ka ʻoihana
  Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka awelika o 80 pakeneka o ka ʻāina i ʻeli ʻia no ka bauxite i kona kaiaola maoli. Mālama ʻia ka topsoil mai ke kahua eli i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā o ka hana hoʻoponopono.
• E mau ana ka mālama ʻana no nā kenekulia
  ʻOiai ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka noi no ka alumini, ʻo nā mālama bauxite, i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa ma 40 a 75 biliona metric tons, e manaʻo ʻia e mau no nā kenekulia. Aia ʻo Guinea a me Australia i ʻelua mau mālama mālama ʻia.
• He waiwai o nā waihona bauxite
  Hiki i Vietnam ke paʻa i ka waiwai o ka bauxite. I Nowemapa 2010, ua hoʻolaha ke kuhina nui o Vietnam i ka nui o nā waihona bauxite o ka ʻāina a hiki i ka 11 biliona tons.

Bauxite 101

ʻO Bauxite oka ke kumu nui o ka alumini

ʻO ka Bauxite he pōhaku i hana ʻia mai ka lepo ʻulaʻula i kapa ʻia ʻo laterite soil a loaʻa pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāina wela a subtropical paha. ʻO ka Bauxite ka mea nui o nā pūhui alumini oxide (alumina), silica, iron oxides a me titanium dioxide. Ma kahi o 70 pakeneka o ka hana bauxite o ka honua i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma o ke kaʻina hana kemika Bayer i alumina. A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka alumina i loko o ka metala alumini maʻemaʻe ma o ke kaʻina electrolytic Hall-Héroult.

Mining bauxite

Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka Bauxite ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻili o ka ʻāina a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka ʻoihana. Ua alakaʻi ka ʻoihana i nā hana mālama kaiapuni. Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ʻāina ma mua o ka eli ʻana, mālama ʻia ka lepo luna i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā hoʻoponopono. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ʻeli, ua wāwahi ʻia ka bauxite a lawe ʻia i waho o ka lua i kahi hoʻoheheʻe alumina. Ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana, hoʻololi ʻia ka topsoil a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka wahi. Ke ʻeli ʻia ka ʻai ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau, he 80 pakeneka o ka ʻāina i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kona kaiaola maoli.

Hana ʻia a mālama ʻia

ʻOi aku ma mua o 160 miliona metric tons o ka bauxite i ʻeli ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO nā alakaʻi i ka hana bauxite ʻo Australia, Kina, Brazil, India a me Guinea. Manaʻo ʻia nā waihona Bauxite he 55 a hiki i ka 75 biliona metric tons, hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ʻApelika (32 pākēneka), Oceania (23 pākēneka), ʻAmelika Hema a me ka Caribbean (21 pākēneka) a me Asia (18 pākēneka).

Ke nānā nei i mua: Hoʻomau ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hana hoʻihoʻi kaiapuni

Ke holomua nei nā pahuhopu hoʻihoʻi kaiapuni. ʻO kahi papahana hoʻihoʻi olaola e holo nei ma Western Australia kahi kumu hoʻohālike. ʻO ka pahuhopu: e hoʻokumu hou i ka pae like o ka waiwai o nā ʻano mea kanu ma nā wahi i hoʻoponopono ʻia e like me ka nahele ʻo Jarrah i hana ʻole ʻia. (ʻO ka nahele ʻo Jarrah ka nahele ākea ākea. ʻO Eucalyptus marginata ka lāʻau nui.)

Les Baux, ka Home o Bauxite

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Bauxite ma hope o ke kauhale o Les Baux e Pierre Berthe. Ua loaʻa i kēia kanaka kālaihonua Farani ka ʻeleʻele ma nā waihona kokoke. ʻO ia ka mea mua i ʻike he alumini ka bauxite.