I kā mākou ʻoihana aila a me ka hau, ua emi ka hana ma ka 8% makahiki i ka makahiki ma ka hapaha mua. ʻO nā kumu e pili ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kūlohelohe a me ka mālama pono ʻana a me nā hana hana, e hana ʻia ana e hoʻonui i ka hilinaʻi waiwai no ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻalahi i nā wahi e hiki mai ana. Ma ka hana ʻana i kēia manawa, ke hōʻoia nei mākou e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hapa lua a hiki i kēia makahiki ke hele mai kekahi o ia mau papahana.

Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā haʻawina e hoʻohaumia ana ka ʻōpala tannery i ka lepo luna o Hazaribagh. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i ka makahiki 1999 i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana e nā metala like ʻole, me ke alakaʻi a me ka cadmium. Ua hoʻopau ʻia:

Ua nīnau ʻia ke ʻano a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka interface i hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi electrode Al i kahi AlCl3-IL electrolyte (TAl electrode) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo atenuated holoʻokoʻa-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x -ray spectroscopy (EDX), a me x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Al maʻemaʻe, hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻili o TAl me nā hui hana organik (Fig. 1A). Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūʻulu C = N a me C–H i nui pū i ka electrolyte IL pristine, ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻonui nui i ka hui hana C = C a me ka puka ʻana o nā ʻano i loaʻa ka hui C = O ma TAl. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻike me ka ʻike ʻana o kahi kiʻi paʻa ma ka ʻili TAl. Eia kekahi, nalo loa nā ʻano vibration infrared e pili ana i ke apo imidazolium (1100 a 600 cm−1) i ka IL (21) ma ka mālama ʻana, e hōʻike ana ua hoʻololi kemika ka IL electrolyte ma ke kikowaena Al (Fig. 1A). Hāʻawi ka nānā ʻana XPS o ka Al a me TAl maʻemaʻe i nā ʻike hou aku i nā hiʻohiʻona kemika ili o TAl. Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa ma Fig. 1B, no ka laʻana, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻana, ʻoi mau ka Al2O3 i ka kemika ʻili o ka Al maʻemaʻe. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, hōʻike ka Al2p XPS spectra o TAl substrate i kahi hui me ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi paʻakai Al, ʻo AlCl3 paha. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia e ka Cl2p XPS spectra, no ka mea, ʻo ka ikehu hoʻopaʻa o Cl2p aia ma kahi o 199 eV ua kūlike me ka valence o -1 (Fig. 1C). Hōʻike pū ka N1s XPS spectra i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka interface o ka TAl i nā ʻano mea i loko o ka nitrogen. Hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia ka piko oi ma 401 eV no ka 'ike maopopo 'ole i ka hiki 'ana o nā iona imidazole (Fig. 1D). Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kahi ʻili Al i poi ʻia (Fig. 1E), ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka topography o TAl (Fig. 1F). Mai ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻāpana keʻa i kiʻi ʻia e SEM, ʻike ʻia kahi papa interfacial ma ka substrate Al. Hōʻike ka nānā ʻana o EDX o ka papa i ka waiwai i nā mea Al, Cl, a me N (Fig. 1G a me fig. S1).

ʻO ka huila WI.DE (Winding Detours) hou loa mai Open e lawe i nā kaila ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka UP kumu mua o ka hui mai 2015 a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ia mea, me ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā ʻano ʻano āpau, i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka lawelawe maikaʻi a me ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa. kumu no ia. Akā ʻo ke kumu kūʻai e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia no nā mea he nui a hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai iā ia ma ke ʻano he frameset me kahi koho o hoʻokahi kala.

ʻO Vosko, SH, Wilk, L. & Nusair, M. ʻO ka ikaika hoʻohui electron wai e pili ana i ka spin-dependent no ka helu ʻana i ka milo-density kūloko - kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi. Hiki. J. Phys. 58, 1200–1211 (1980).

ʻO kekahi o nā helu ʻē aʻe no ka hacker maʻamau ke kinoea i hoʻohana ʻia. I kēia hihia, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa nā koʻokoʻo alumini (aluminum) no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu kinoea hoʻolele haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka MAP Pro (MAPP pani) ma mua o ka Propane inā ʻaʻole nui ka wela o kāu brazing.

Aia ma kahi o 8,000 a 12,000 mau limahana hana ʻili, e piʻi ana ma kahi o 15,000 no ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope o ka ʻahaʻaina ʻo Eid-al-Adha, ka manawa kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i ka peʻe.

He mea maʻamau ka GMAW i ka alumini ma nā wahi hana kiʻekiʻe… ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o GTAW i ka hopena kiʻekiʻe i nā noi maʻamau.

ʻO ka lāʻau i kālai ʻia, nā ʻāpana lāʻau, nā mea a pau āu e kapa ai, aia kēia mea hoʻolālā e noho ai i loko o Singapore.

Fig. S9. Electrochemical waiwai o Al-MnO2 pila me ka TAl anode–, Al(CF3SO3)3-, a me Al2(SO4)3-based aqueous electrolyte.

Hiki i kēlā unahi ke ana a hiki i 300kg/600lbs. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo e ikaika loa nā pilina no laila ʻaʻole mākaukau kaʻu hoʻonohonoho. Makemake au e kūkulu i kahi kau e ho'āʻo ai i nā mea e like me kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Manaʻo wau e nalo ana ʻoe i ka manaʻo o kaʻu wikiō. ʻAʻole pono ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i nā pilina ikaika e huki ai i nā paipu CF i 2. Ua hoʻolālā wale au i kahi ala maʻalahi e hana i nā hopena koʻokoʻo maʻamau i ikaika nui no nā papahana hoʻokipa/robotics.

Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi commuter classy a e hana i ka haʻuki ʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole makemake ʻoe e hoʻolilo i ka waiwai, ʻo ka Metrix kahi koho kūpono.