Bauxite

Bauxite tama shine tushen farko na aluminium a duniya. Dole ne a fara sarrafa ma'adinan ta hanyar sinadarai don samar da alumina (aluminum oxide). Ana narkar da Alumina ta hanyar amfani da tsarin lantarki don samar da ƙarfe mai tsafta na aluminum. Ana samun Bauxite yawanci a cikin ƙasan ƙasa da ke cikin yankuna masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi daban-daban. Ana samun ma'adinan ta hanyar ayyukan hako ma'adinan da ke da alhakin muhalli. Rijiyoyin Bauxite sun fi yawa a Afirka, Oceania da Kudancin Amurka. Ana hasashen tanadin zai dawwama na tsawon ƙarni.

Facts-Away

• Dole ne a tace aluminum daga tama
  Ko da yake aluminum shine mafi yawan ƙarfe da ake samu a Duniya (jimlar kashi 8 na ɓawon burodi na duniya), ƙarfen yana da karfin gaske tare da wasu abubuwa don faruwa ta halitta. Bauxite tama, mai ladabi ta hanyoyi biyu, shine tushen farko na aluminum.
• Kiyaye ƙasa shine mahimmin mayar da hankali kan masana'antu
  Matsakaicin kashi 80 cikin 100 na ƙasar da aka haƙa don bauxite ana mayar da ita zuwa tsarin halittarta na asali. Ana adana ƙasan ƙasa daga wurin hakar ma'adinai don a iya maye gurbinsa yayin aikin gyarawa.
• Adana za su šauki tsawon ƙarni
  Kodayake buƙatun aluminum yana ƙaruwa da sauri, ajiyar bauxite, wanda a halin yanzu aka kiyasta a tan biliyan 40 zuwa 75, ana hasashen zai dawwama tsawon ƙarni. Guinea da Ostiraliya suna da manyan wuraren da aka tabbatar da su.
• Dukiyar ajiyar bauxite
  Vietnam na iya riƙe arzikin bauxite. A watan Nuwamban 2010, Firayim Minista na Vietnam ya sanar da cewa ajiyar bauxite na kasar na iya kaiwa ton biliyan 11.

Bauxite 101

Bauxite ore shine babban tushen aluminum a duniya

Bauxite wani dutse ne da aka samo shi daga wani abu mai jan yumbu mai launin ja da ake kira ƙasan baya kuma an fi samun shi a yankuna masu zafi ko na wurare masu zafi. Bauxite da farko ya ƙunshi mahadi na aluminum oxide (alumina), silica, baƙin ƙarfe oxides da titanium dioxide. Kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na samar da bauxite na duniya ana tace su ta hanyar tsarin sinadarai na Bayer zuwa alumina. Ana tace Alumina a cikin tsantsar ƙarfe na aluminium ta hanyar hanyar Hall-Héroult electrolytic.

Mining bauxite

Bauxite yawanci ana samunsa kusa da saman ƙasa kuma ana iya hako shi ta hanyar tattalin arziki. Masana'antar ta dauki nauyin jagoranci a kokarin kiyaye muhalli. Lokacin da aka share ƙasar kafin hakar ma'adinai, ana adana ƙasan saman don a iya maye gurbinsa yayin gyarawa. A lokacin aikin tsiri-ma'adinai, bauxite yana karye kuma a fitar da shi daga ma'adinan zuwa matatar alumina. Da zarar an gama hakar ma'adinan, ana maye gurbin saman ƙasa kuma yankin yana aiwatar da aikin maidowa. Lokacin da aka haƙa ma'adinan a cikin dazuzzuka, ana mayar da kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na ƙasar zuwa yanayin muhallinta na asali.

Production da kuma tanadi

Fiye da metric ton miliyan 160 na bauxite ake haƙa a kowace shekara. Shugabannin da ke samar da bauxite sun hada da Australia, China, Brazil, India da Guinea. An kiyasta asusun ajiyar Bauxite zai kasance metric ton 55 zuwa 75, wanda aka fi sani da shi a Afirka (kashi 32), Oceania (kashi 23), Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean (kashi 21) da Asiya (kashi 18).

Sa ido: Ci gaba da haɓakawa a ƙoƙarin maido da muhalli

Manufar maido da muhalli ta ci gaba da ci gaba. Aikin maido da bambancin halittu da ake yi a Yammacin Ostiraliya ya ba da babban misali. Manufar: sake kafa daidai matakin wadatar nau'in shuka a wuraren da aka gyara daidai da dajin Jarrah da ba a hako shi ba. (Dajin Jarrah yana da tsayi bude dajin. Eucalyptus marginata ita ce mafi girma.)

Les Baux, Gidan Bauxite

An ba da sunan Bauxite bayan ƙauyen Les Baux ta Pierre Berthe. Wannan masanin ilimin kasa dan kasar Faransa ya gano ma'adinin a cikin ma'ajiyar da ke kusa. Shi ne ya fara gano cewa bauxite na dauke da aluminum.